PEN+Pages

Jenna-Social, Political, and Economic Jonathan- Cause and Effect Teddy- Notes Olyvia- Main Ideas and __vocab__

historicalsignificanceoftheterm,and/orhowitfitsintothemajorideaswearestudying. || __R____ight-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Recordyourthoughtsaboutthereading,connectionsyousee,insightsand questionsthatoccur toyou. || __Renewed Religious Struggle__
 * Prexie Euro Notes Pages || Name |||| Topic ||
 * Chapter 12 || Date |||| Pages ||
 * HistoricalConceptsandTerms ||
 * For each term,writeadefinitionoridentificationinyourownwords,andthenexplain the
 * Terms(pg#) || Date |||| Identification |||| Context&Significance ||
 * IndependentReadingNotes ||
 * __Left-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Foreachsubheadingintheassignedpages,paraphrase2-3majorideasandgive importantfactsorexamples.
 * IndependentReadingNotes ||
 * __Left-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Foreachsubheadingintheassignedpages,paraphrase2-3majorideasandgive importantfactsorexamples.
 * __Left-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Foreachsubheadingintheassignedpages,paraphrase2-3majorideasandgive importantfactsorexamples.
 * Reading Notes ||  Connections&Questions  ||
 * __Intro__
 * late 16th and early 17th known as Age of Religious Wars because of conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants
 * fueled by Dynastic rivalries and conflicts
 * In France, Netherlands, England, and Scotland the Calvinists fought catholic rulers for the right to govern their own territories and practice their own religion
 * Lutherans, Calvinists, and Catholics fought against each other in central and northern Europe during the __ 30 years’ war __
 * English Puritans successfully revolted against the Stuart monarchy and the Anglican church
 * Religious wars primarily confined to central Europe by Lutherans and Zwinglians over rights and freedom for themselves (first half 16th)
 * In the late 16th century the struggle turned to Western Europe to the Calvinists for recognition
 * Peace of Augsburg allowed the ruler to choose the religion
 * Lutheranism because the legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire but did not recognize the smaller religious groups that were not strong enough to gain legal standing
 * After Council of Trent adjourned, Catholics began a Jesuit-led counteroffensive against the Protestants
 * After Calvin’s death, Geneva became the Protestant refuges and an international school for the Protestant resistance
 * Genevan Calvinism and Catholicism were both aggressive and irreconcilable church systems
 * Calvinists looked like papists in Geneva but had no civil and religious rights on the international stage
 * Boards of Presbyters, or elders, represented the individual congregations of Calvinists
 * The __Counter-Reformation__ wanted a centralized episcopal church system hierarchically arranged from pope to priest obedience to the person on top.
 * Calvinism was attractive to the proponents of political decentralization
 * The Roman Catholic Church was devoted to one head and one law absolutely a monarchy congenial
 * Catholic Counter Reform found the baroque style congenial which displayed a 3-D display of raw energy
 * Catholic artists were: Peter Rubens and Gianlorenzo Bernini
 * Protestant works were restrained, can be seen as gentle
 * Artists were: Rembrandt van Rijn
 * Intellectuals perceived the wisdom of religious pluralism and toleration more quickly than politicians.
 * Skepticism began to grow in Europe In the 16th and 17th century
 * Began to gain ground in large political circles
 * Leaders kept war away from using political unity doctrines, urging tolerance, moderation, and compromise in religious matters
 * The most successful __politique__ of this time was Elizabeth the 1st from England
 * Mary the 1st, Philip the 2nd, and Oliver Cromwell refused compromised religious compromises
 * The wars were truly international wars
 * Catholics and Protestants struggled to control the crown f France, England, and Netherlands
 * Catholics sent armies from France and Spain against the Protestants in England and the Netherlands (starts the 30 years’ war)
 * revolutionized thinking led to new ideas such as __skepticism__ and __relativism__

=**BOMBARA-HUGHES - SALDIVAR**=

|||||| Prexie Euro Notes Pages

and Catholic practices still differed greatly. This could be seen from the way they organized their religious powers to how they decorated their churches.
 * "Social"** Religion - Protestant

Rulers of various countries were choosing their official religion. Those who where tolerant of many religious practices were the most prosperous.
 * "Political"** Leaders -

The Thirty Years' War involved many nations in Europe. They spent money on arms, supplies, and other goods to sustain their armies.
 * "Economic"** National Spending -


 * Cause and Effect:**

Catholics and Protestants fought for control of France, the Netherlands and England. The Catholic government eventually sent out armies against the Protestants resulting in the Thirty Years War. || Name |||| Topic || historical significance of the term, and/or how it fits into the major ideas we are studying. || __R____ight-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Record your thoughts about the reading, connections you see, insights and questions that occur to you. || Focus now on France, Netherlands, England, and Scotland. Lutherans now legal religion. Geneva- Refuge for Europe’s persecuted Protestants Calvinism and Catholicism denied Counter-Reformation sponsored a centralized government Baroque- display of raw power Sebastian Castillo’s pethy censue of John Calvin for execution of Michael Servetus showed killing a man is dogmatic. Valentin Weigal said look within yourself not the church Rulers known as Politiques Catholics and Protestants struggle for crown Catholic France and Spain sent armies on Protestants || Calvanists became revolutionaries after the Peace of Augsburg recognized only Lutheran beliefs. Skepticism and individualis mere encouraged by scholars regarding one's religious beliefs. Every major European nation was dragged into the 30 Years War when Spain and France attacked Protestant England and the Netherlands. When French King Francis I was captured by an imperial army in 1528, the French brutally cracked down on Protestants, subjecting French Protestants to the Inquisition. The French fought amongst themselves for control of France when King Henry II was killed in a jousting accident. ||
 * Chapter || Date |||| Pages ||
 * HistoricalConceptsandTerms ||
 * For each term,write a definition or identification in your own words, and then explain the
 * Terms(pg#) || Date |||| Identification |||| Context&Significance ||
 * Counter Reformation || 1600's |||| stressed obedience to the man in charge or at the top of the hierarchy |||| displayed importance of religion and how society needs strong leaders at the helm ||
 * Politiques || 1600's |||| placed politics before religion; believed that no religious truth was worth civil war |||| showed that religion was declining and the importance of politics was taking control ||
 * Baroque || 1600's |||| three dimensional display of raw energy |||| represented the new styles of architecture and art during this century ||
 * IndependentReadingNotes ||
 * __Left-hand____c____o____l____umn__:For each subheading in the assigned pages, paraphrase 2-3 major ideas and give important facts or examples.
 * Reading Notes ||  Connections&Questions  ||
 * 16th Century- conflict in Europe from Lutherans and Zwinglists to secure rights and freedom for themselves.

=Introduction=

-Calvinists fought Catholics/ right to govern own territories and practice religion openly. -Lutherans, Calvinists, Catholics/ battled each other in Thirty Years War -Mid 17th century/ English Puritans revolted against Stuart monarchy + Anglican Church (Anthony Bombara)
 * __Social:__** Age of Religious Wars/ bloody conflict of Protestants and Catholics in Europe

=Renewed Religious Struggle=

-Second half of the 16th century/ France, Netherlands, England, Scotland were center points and was struggle for Calvinists recognition -Anabaptists and others/ heretics and anarchists -After Council of Trent (1563)/ Catholics started counteroffensive against Protestants - Genevan Calvinism and Catholicism/ aggressive and conflicting church systems -High clergy including pope and bishops were supreme -Baroque artists/ Rubens and Bernini (both Catholic) + Rembrandt van Rijn (Protestant) -New skepticism, relativism, and individualism in religion/ respectable in 16th and 17th centuries -Valentin Weigel/ look within themselves for religious truth -Wars of religion/ internal national conflicts and international wars (Anthony Bombara)
 * __Social:__** First half of 16th century/ struggle by Lutherans and Zwinglians to secure rights and freedoms

-Lutheranism became legal religion in Holy Roman Empire -Roman Catholic Church found absolute monarchy pleasing to them -Religious strife and civil war/ rulers subordinated theological doctrine to political unity, urging tolerance, moderation, and compromise in religious matters (Anthony Bombara) and Catholic practices still differed greatly. This could be seen from the way they organized their religious powers to how they decorated their churches.
 * __Political:__** After Peace of Augsburg (1555)/ regions ruler could determine religion of its people
 * **"Social"** Religion - Protestant

Rulers of various countries were choosing their official religion. Those who where tolerant of many religious practices were the most prosperous.
 * "Political"** Leaders -

The Thirty Years' War involved many nations in Europe. They spent money on arms, supplies, and other goods to sustain their armies.
 * "Economic"** National Spending -


 * Cause and Effect:**

Catholics and Protestants fought for control of France, the Netherlands and England. The Catholic government eventually sent out armies against the Protestants resulting in the Thirty Years War.

= PEN Page-Eicher-Ethan-Davy =

|||||| Prexie Euro Notes Pages || Name |||| Topic || i. Augsburg making only Lutheranism legal started up troubles 2. Counter Reformationists supported center. Episcopal church and Baroque styles and Intellectuals of the time began to comprise new ideals towards gov.
 * Chapter || Date |||| Pages ||
 * HistoricalConceptsandTerms ||
 * For each term,writeadefinitionoridentificationinyourownwords,andthenexplain the historicalsignificanceoftheterm,and/orhowitfitsintothemajorideaswearestudying. ||
 * Terms(pg#) || Date |||| Identification |||| Context&Significance ||
 * IndependentReadingNotes ||
 * __Left-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Foreachsubheadingintheassignedpages,paraphrase2-3majorideasandgive importantfactsorexamples. __R____ight-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Recordyourthoughtsaboutthereading,connectionsyousee,insightsand questionsthatoccur toyou. ||
 * Reading Notes || Connections&Questions ||
 * Chapter 12 – The Age of Religious War Calvinists vs. Catholics in France, Spain, Scotland, and the Netherlands is what turned this period bloody 1) Renewed Religious Struggle
 * 1) Religious struggles that started with the Lutherans/Zwinglians to western Europe (Netherlands, France,Scotland,England)
 * Reading Notes || Connections&Questions ||
 * Chapter 12 – The Age of Religious War Calvinists vs. Catholics in France, Spain, Scotland, and the Netherlands is what turned this period bloody 1) Renewed Religious Struggle
 * 1) Religious struggles that started with the Lutherans/Zwinglians to western Europe (Netherlands, France,Scotland,England)

PEN Page-Zimmerman-Duncan-You-Christy

*|||||| Prexie Euro Notes Pages || Name |||| Topic || Social- Geneva became a refuge for Protestants. Catholic Counter-Reformation found the baroque. Protestant artists were "restrained". 30 Years War made religious conflict more obvious. Political- The theological doctrine urged political unity, tolerance, moderation, and compromise. Economic- Because of the Thirty Year's War, France, Spain, England, and the Netherlands had to switch over to war time economies (Sam) Forming //politiques// style of gov. Effect: One of many factors that sparked Religious wars that led to beliefs of skepticism and relativism, which lead to more political beliefs in rulers, or //politiques////.// //Economic- The struggle also had its economic burdens, due to war.// //Social- Religious struggles are a social issue.// //Political- New government ideas deal with the Political aspect of history.// ||
 * Chapter || Date |||| Pages ||
 * HistoricalConceptsandTerms ||
 * For each term,writeadefinitionoridentificationinyourownwords,andthenexplain the historicalsignificanceoftheterm,and/orhowitfitsintothemajorideaswearestudying. ||
 * Terms(pg#) || Date |||| Identification |||| Context&Significance ||
 * Counter-Reformation || 9/30 |||| Catholic response to reformation |||| It was an internal reorganizing of the Catholic Church to Maintain some power and combat the growing protestant reform. ||
 * Baroque || 9/30 |||| Grand;three dimensional;raw energy;fancy |||| The baroque architecture was very prominent in the Catholic churches during this time period in contrast to those of the Protestants that tended to be plain. ||
 * Politiques || 9/30 |||| Rulers who urged tolerance and compromise in religion. |||| Many of the effective rulers of this era were politiques. They were able to make huge impacts in society without focusing on religious unity and they were generally well liked. (Alex) ||
 * IndependentReadingNotes ||
 * __Left-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Foreachsubheadingintheassignedpages,paraphrase2-3majorideasandgive importantfactsorexamples. __R____ight-hand____c____o____l____umn__:Recordyourthoughtsaboutthereading,connectionsyousee,insightsand questionsthatoccur toyou. ||
 * Reading Notes || ** Connections&Questions ** ||
 * **1.The sixteenth century was plagued with religious wars in europe between the catholics, calvinists, and lutherans.The Peace of Augsburg recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire in 1555. .** **2.Calvinism was much different in the church system to catholics because they refused hierarchy ruling；in ways like the catholic‘s counter-reformation.** **the cause of religious wars transformed europe into a new one.** || **1.Anabaptists and others were viewed as heretics.Calvinism and catholicism were viewed as hard, unreconcillable, and dogmatic chuches.** **2.the catholic counter reformation interested in the baroque style（life in a giant， three-dimensional display of energy）their arts were diffent in that the protestants were confined or restrained.** **the effect was a religion in which skepticism and individualism in the 16th century. also rulers of politiques(elizabeth) more tolerant and comprising. (Jin)**
 * Cause and Effect:**
 * Religious conflict and political rivalries fueled the Religious Wars.
 * Denial of rights and freedoms led scorned religious sects to revolt. (Marta) ||
 * Cause: Peace of Augsburg excludes non-Lutherean Protestants.